ICE, budget
LeftLinks Weekly, July 11, 2025
The main features of our political landscape regarding policing are about to change dramatically in the coming year.
We are all familiar with our local and state police and sheriff's departments. While not as familiar, we are also aware of the FBI and U.S. Marshals.
But following the Oct. 11, 2001, attack on the Twin Towers, we have a new player on the field: ICE and its parent, the Dept of Homeland Security.
Its gathered components reached back over time to include a number of smaller agencies, all collectively termed 'La Migra' by the undocumented workers who felt their weight. Under Homeland Security, they became more concentrated. In its first few years, ICE was known for rounding up Mexican and Chicano street gangs connected to gangs in the prisons, about 90% of their work. Only 10 percent was aimed at immigrant workers. Today, the situation is exactly reversed: 90% of ICE raids focus on normal immigrant labor, while only 10% go after more hardened street and prison-connected gangs.
This, of course, is the opposition of the claim Trump has used to sell ICE to the public.
How will ICE expand its scope today? Some point to the large totals of deportations under Obama, earning him the title 'Deporter-in-Chief.' But this label and associated claims never matched the hype around them. How deportations were counted changed after the Bush administration: before, people caught crossing the southern border were simply bused back and were not counted as deportations. However, under Obama, these people were fingerprinted and added to the deportation tally, thus giving Obama his record numbers of deportations.
Today, the Trump-Miller team is demanding that ICE seize and deport at least 3000 people a day anywhere in the country to reach the millions in deportations promised by Trump's 2024 campaign. Detentions on that scale are far more difficult than they might seem.
Today, ICE has 22,000 employees and a budget of just over $9 billion. It has over 500 detention centers, jails, and prisons nationwide. Those detained are both undocumented immigrants apprehended by ICE, and those detained by other agencies, such as Border Patrol. About 34,000 people are held in immigration detention on any given day, from about 200,000 detained annually.
According to a study by the CATO Institute, the vast majority detained since 2024 have no criminal records or any other history of violent or anti-social offences—apart from crossing the border, which is a minor misdemeanor offence. They are simply immigrants looking for work or shelter from life-threatening abuse in their home countries. ICE deports many of these, releases some, and continues detaining others, without much rhyme or reason regarding access to court hearings or not.
From 2012 to early 2018, ICE also wrongfully arrested and detained 1,480 U.S. citizens, including many who spent months or years in immigration detention. A 2018 Los Angeles Times investigation found that ICE's reliance on incomplete and error-prone databases and lax investigations led to these erroneous detentions. From 2008 to 2018, ICE was sued for wrongful arrest by more than two dozen U.S. citizens, who had been detained for periods ranging from one day to over three years. Also, about 10 people have died in ICE custody since January 2025, usually from being in poor health when seized, but with no follow-up treatment once detained.
But the ICE we know today is on the cusp of a major transformation and expansion. Vice President JD Vance put a spotlight on the matter when he voted to break the tie on the 'Big Bill:' ICE Funding mattered the most "Everything else? The Congressional Budget Office score, the proper baseline, the minutiae of the Medicaid policy? is immaterial compared to the ICE money and immigration enforcement provisions," he said.
Instead of its current $9 billion budget, ICE is now slotted for some $170 billion.
Yes, that's a 20-fold increase. It will make ICE the largest police force in U.S. history. As Leah Greenberg, co-chair of the progressive activist group, Indivisible, put it on Twitter/X: "They are just coming right out and saying they want an exponential increase in $$$ so they can build their own personal Gestapo."
What Greenburg means is the new expanded ICE will not be controlled by the regular U.S Armed Forces, nor state and local governments. It remains solely an instrument of a Trump cabinet appointee. The current head of ICE, Todd Lyons, appointed in March 2025, is still unconfirmed by the Senate. This makes ICE, in effect, into Trump's paramilitary.
For starters, ICE will quickly double in size, adding 10,000 new agents and another 9000 new border guards. The number of holding facilities for detainees will expand proportionally.
How is this pending expansion affecting the morale of ICE agents? For some, morale is now quite high, with many new resources in the pipeline. But for others, surprisingly, morale is low. They do not like entering neighborhoods or workplaces where they are not welcome, detaining people without any criminal background or threat. They are seeking the first viable option to resign from the force. We should keep this in mind when checking out ICE agents.
In the years ahead, we can expect vastly increased ICE activities on the streets and workplaces where immigrants might gather. We should note that our local police are usually not required to help them enforce immigration laws. Regardless of any claims to the contrary, every person on U.S. soil has the same rights of equal protection and due process under the law. We should do our best to see that everyone knows their right and is respected in exercising them.
Carl’s LeftLin